The indus script is predominantly found on objects such as seals and sealings, and it also makes its appearance on other objects such as copper tablets, ivory sticks, bronze implements, pottery etc. Harappa and mohenjo dero were laid out on a grid pattern and had provisions for an advanced drainage system. Vahia, yadav reconstructing the history of harappan civilization 29 indus valley close to mehrgarh but in a far away region of hakra basin in harappa around 3200 bc and seems to be an indigenous development. Garg, divya case study city planning and organization of. The main objective of this article not to innovate new theories of the indus valley civilization, but to reexamine the all available data and write in a concise form for ease of understanding of. The indus or harappan culture arose in the northwestern part of the indian subcontinent. This is also called harappan civilization after the first city to be excavated, harappa punjab, pakistan.
Society in the indus valley civilization is said to have comprised of three distinct social groups. In this post, lets see the features of indus valley civilisation arts as part of the indian culture notes based on the ncert text an introduction to indian art part 1. Their town planning proves that they lived a highly civilized and developed life. Indus river valley civilization was discovered by the archaeologists in the 1920s it flourished in the bronze age 33000 bce. Dec 08, 2017 features of the indus valley civilization. The developed urban life, the use of the potters wheel, kilnburnt bricks, copper and bronze vessels and pictorial writings are some of the common distinct characteristics of all these civilizations. The indus valley civilisation is an important part of ancient indian history for the ias exam. These objects were found from areas as far apart as afghanistan, jammu, baluchistan pakistan and gujarat map 1.
Indus valley civilisation read this article to learn about the origin, evolution, and characteristic of the indus valley civilisation. Indus valley civilization key features building structures and society planning town planning. The indus valley civilisation is also called the harappan culture. Civilization in the indus river valley begins about 2500 bc, about the time when the pyramids were rising in egypt, the first indian civilizations were forming in the indus river valley. The indus or harappan civilization was long forgotten till it was rediscovered in the late 19. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in presentday india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. The remains of the two towns, mohenjodaro and harappan reveal and remarkable sense of town planningthe drainage. On the basis of the archaeological findings the harappan civilization has been dated between 2600 b. Understanding ancient civilizations series includes bibliographical references and index. It is only when we turn to the other aspects of culture that the indus civilization shows.
The salient features of the indus valley civilization. Architectureart mohenjodaro and harappa civilization. The indus valley civilization was not confined to these two sites in the northwestern area of the subcontinent. Indus valley civilization ncert notes for the ias exam. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not occur after 1900 b. Mention any two sources to reconstruct the harappan civilization. It flourished between 2700 bc and 1900 bc mature indus valley civilization. Sep 06, 2014 salient features of indus valley town planning grid pattern. The most remarkable feature of the harappan civilization was its urbanisation. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan civilization.
The fact that the ancient indus valley civilization is also often referred to as the harappan civilization demonstrates how important the discovery of harappa is. The influence of this culture extended to the punjab, sindh, north west frontier province now in pakistan, baluchistan, rajasthan, u. But early indus valley civilization had existed even before bc. Indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni the known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. Various researches have linked significantly the origin of indus valley civilization to the neolithic site of mehrgarh. The indus valley civilization is the first known urban culture in india. Each city in the indus valley was surrounded by massive walls and. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south. The indus valley civilizations had an developed architecture. Arts of indus valley civilization indian culture series. The main characteristic of indus valley civilization. In the case of the harappan culture, these distinctive objects include seals, beads, weights, stone. Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization article pdf available in social evolution and history 10no 2 september 2011. There were no large monuments or structures, and mostly all of the architecture were made out of dry bricks.
The height of its development was between 2600 and 1900 bc. Indus valley civilization was the first major civilization in south asia, which spread across a vast area of land in present day india and pakistan around 12 lakh sq. Indus valley civilization after it was introduced by the aryans. Pdf the objective of this article is to understand the evolution of the indo. Underground sewer pipes are said to be planned and organized by a centralized government. The indus valley civilization is one of the worlds oldest urban civilizations 3300 0 bce, in the northwestern region of the indian subcontinent, consisting of what is now mainly present. Little is known about these civilizations, but harappa and mohenjodaro were most likely twin capital cities. It derived its name from river indus, which is the main river of the region.
Indus valley civilization history notes for upsc examination. Indus valley civilization thus has contributed many valuable imprints to the human civilization. In the case of the harappan culture, these distinctive objects include seals, beads, weights, stone blades fig. It flourished around 2,500 bc, in the western part of south asia, in contemporary pakistan and western india. It was the most distinctive features of the indus valley civilization as the towns were divided into two parts which are as below. The question about the origin of the indus valley civilization is largely unanswered. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short.
The indus valley was home to the largest of the four ancient urban civilizations of egypt, mesopotamia, india and china. E, the indus river valley underwent a large transformation, when the government started a movement to convert the population to buddhism. Introduction to indus valley civilization harappan. Features of indus valley civilization the history of india begins with the birth of the indus valley civilization ivc, also known as harappan civilization. Indus people were the first to build planned cities with scientific drainage system. The salient features of the indus valley civilization are as follows. This civilisation is credited for building cities complete with. Following are some of the features of indus valley civilization. Civilization the stage of human social development and organization that is considered most advance the society, culture, and way of life of a particular area 3. Pdf distribution and features of the indus civilization. References to meluhha in the mesopotamian literature does not.
Reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Following a tradition in archaeology, the civilisation is sometimes referred to as the harappan, after its type site, harappa, the first site to be excavated in the 1920s. The excavated indus cities may be classified into the following groups. As we have covered the prehistoric arts of india in the last article, we shall move. Relates to history and culture of ancient india and aims to make available the best sources on the subject in proper historical perspective. Harappan architecture is the architecture of the indus valley civilization, an ancient people who lived in the indus valley from about 3300 bce to 0 bce the civilisations cities were noted for their urban planning, baked brick houses, elaborate drainage systems, water supply systems, clusters of large nonresidential buildings, and new techniques in handicraft carnelian. Features of the indus valley civilization indus valley. In addition, statues were made of various gods and goddesses for religious purposes, and pottery was painted with numerous designs. There was much more focus on small scale sculptures of living things, such as animals and humans. The structure of the houses has one or more toilets or toilet connected to a centralized system. The indus valley civilization was established around 3300 bc. C1900 bc and is one of the oldest civilizations of the world. It started declining around 1900 bc and disappeared.
Harappa was discovered first and was excavated by daya ram sahni in the year 1921. The site was discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team directed by. Indus valley civilization also known as harappan civilization is an ancient india civilization that flourished more than 4000 years ago in the northwestern parts of indopakistan subcontinent. Case study city planning and organization of indus valley civilization overview. A remarkable feature of the rediscovering harappa special exhibition is that it. One of the important aspects of the harappan civilization is its apparent. It started declining around 1900 bc and disappeared around 1400 bc.
The for mation of these two prominent religions in this region proves how important religion was in the indus river valley civilization. A recent publication by the south asia research group at kansai university in japan that includes detailed essays covering a general picture of indus research today by akinori uesugi, indus civilization in the ghaggar basin vivek dangi, indus archaeology in gujarat rajesh s. Along with ancient egypt and mesopotamia it was one of three early civilisations of the region comprising north africa. Imposing order and structure is a natural human tendency not just for things and activities but also for natural resources like land and water. The swat valley people also produced blackonred painted and wheelturned pottery with a close linkage with the indus pottery during the early post urban period, that is, with the posturban culture associated with harappa. The nuclear dates of the civilization appear to be about 25001700 bce, though the southern sites may have lasted later into the 2nd millennium bce. Mehrgarh which lies on the kachi plain of baluchistan in pakistan is a neolithic site. Unlike many other ancient civilizations, the indus river valley civilization had no monumental sculptures of any kind. Town planning was the hallmark of harappan culture. It is called harappan civilisation because this was discovered first in 1921 at the modern site of harappa, situated.
The time period of mature indus valley civilization is estimated between bc. E, the indus river valley underwent a large transformation, when the government started. Archaeologists use the term culture for a group of objects, distinctive in style, that are usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time. Mehrgarh is located near the bolan pass, to the west of the indus river valley and between the presentday pakistani cities of quetta, kalat and sibi. It extended from jammu in the north to the narmada estuary in the south, and from the makran coast of baluchistan in the west to. Each street was having a well organized drainage system. Till then it was thought that south asia was first colonized by urban civilizations during the first millennium bce in the indogangetic plains by the people of the mahabharata. One of the most important features of indus valley civilization was systematic town. Icse solutions for class 9 history and civics the harappan civilization icse solutionsselina icse solutionsml aggarwal solutions exercises question 1. Nov 30, 2017 one of the most advanced and mysterious ancient society, the indus river valley civilization, was completely lost to history until the 1920s. The swat valley may, therefore, be regarded as the northernmost outpost of late harappan culture. Indus valley civilization pdf important points short note. Harappan towns and cities were built as per grid pattern wherein roads and by lanes bisected each other at right angles.
Features of indus valley civilization from the ruins of the indus valley civilization, it can be deduced that the cities were incredibly wellplanned. The harappan culture covered parts of punjab, sind, baluchistan, gujarat, rajasthan and the fringes of western uttar pradesh. Individual buildings like for bathing and using the bathroom were built in order keeping the cities clean and sanitary and were supplied with water from neighborhood wells. Mar 21, 2020 indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. Jun 20, 2019 indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization that thrived along the course of indus river in northwestern part of indian subcontinent it is also referred to as harappan civilization owing to the fact that this civilization was first discovered in 1921 at the modern site of harappa situated in the punjab province punjab of current day. The abandonment of major indus cities has been roughly dated to about 1700 b. As archaeologists and historians began to uncover more of the ancient harappa site in the 19th and early 20th centuries, a more complete picture of the city emerged, namely its. The various features of indus valley civilization are given below. Each city was divided into a citadel area where the essential.
May 04, 2011 the question about the origin of the indus valley civilization is largely unanswered. Also covers indus valley civilization in 16 chapters. Indus valley civilization is the one of the oldest ancient civilizations of the world. It developed along the indus river and the ghaggarhakra river, in the area of modern pakistan and northwest india and afghanistan. The known extent of the civilization in the west is upto sutkagendor in baluchistan. Aug 27, 2015 indus valley civilization 23501750 bc is also called as harappan civilization because harappa was the first site to be excavated in 1921 under the supervision of daya ram sahni. Aug 26, 2017 indus valley civilization history notes for upsc examination august 26, 2017 december 3, 2017 pramesh elib indus valley civilization, important sites of the indus valley civilization, harappa, mohanjodaro, ancient india history notes upsc, history optional subject notes upsc, ancient india history notes ias, history optional subject notes ias. Researchers have found swastikas a symbol that generally takes the form of an equilateral cross,hindu gods shiva and rudra, and a mother goddess symbolizing fertility.
The indus valley civilization was an ancient civilization in the indian subcontinent. Oct 28, 2014 unique feature of the indus valley civilization. Major cities during indus valley civilization source. The nucleus cities included harappa, mohenjodaro, dholavira and kalibangan. Feb 16, 2019 the earliest evidence of textile production in india comes from the indus valley, where a complete urban civilization centred around the two cities of mahenjodaro and harappa, thrived between 2500 and 2000 bc. The site was discovered in 1974 by an archaeological team directed by french archaeologists jeanfrancois jarrige and catherine jarrige, and was excavated continuously between 1974 and 1986, and. Harappan civilization download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi.
What are the distinctive features of an indus valley. The indus valley civilisation is named after the indus river system in whose alluvial plains the early sites of the civilisation were identified and excavated. Majority of the sites developed on the banks of river indus, ghaggar and its tributaries. This civilization was spread over a vast area including not only the indus plain but also northern rajasthan and the region of kathiawar in western india. Indus river valley characteristics of ancient civilizations. The indus valley civilisation ivc was a bronze age civilisation in the northwestern regions of south asia, lasting from 3300 bce to 0 bce, and in its mature form from 2600 bce to 1900 bce. Dec 10, 2017 town planning is the unique feature of indus valley civilization. Pdf reconstructing the history of harappan civilization. Researchers believe that the aryans influenced the hindu religion.
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